Dental erosion is an increasingly common problem, caused primarily by prolonged exposure of enamel to acidic substances. Over time, this condition can lead to tooth sensitivity, weakened teeth and increased risk of tooth decay. Fortunately, adopting some daily strategies can help prevent enamel deterioration and maintain good oral health in the long run.
What is dental erosion and what are the causes
Dental erosion occurs when enamel, the outermost protective layer of the tooth, wears away due to the action of acids. This phenomenon can depend on a number of factors, both related to diet and poor habits.
The main causes of dental erosion include:
- Consumption of acidic foods and beverages: citrus fruits, fruit juices, carbonated soft drinks and wine can erode enamel.
- Gastroesophageal reflux: acid from the stomach can travel up to the mouth and damage the teeth.
- Aggressive brushing: improper toothbrushing can accelerate enamel loss.
- Dry mouth (xerostomia): poor saliva production reduces the ability to neutralize acids.
- Bruxism: teeth grinding at night contributes to enamel wear.
Signs of dental erosion
Recognizing the early symptoms of dental erosion is essential to intervene in time. Some of the most common signs include:
- Increased sensitivity to hot, cold or sweet foods.
- Teeth more yellowish due to exposure of dentin.
- Smoother and shinier tooth surfaces.
- Presence of small cracks or irregularities on the teeth.
How to prevent dental erosion
Improving nutrition
Limiting consumption of acidic foods and beverages is the first step in protecting enamel. Replacing carbonated drinks and juices with water or milk can reduce acid exposure. After consuming acidic foods, it is advisable to rinse the mouth with water to help neutralize the oral pH.
Choosing the right toothpaste and toothbrush
Using a fluoride toothpaste strengthens enamel and helps prevent tooth erosion. It is also important to choose a toothbrush with soft bristles and brush teeth in gentle movements to avoid aggravating the problem.
Adopt good oral hygiene habits
Brushing your teeth at least twice a day is essential, but be careful not to do so immediately after consuming acidic foods: acid temporarily softens enamel, and brushing your teeth at that time could promote its wear and tear. Waiting at least 30 minutes before brushing your teeth helps reduce the risk of erosion.
Increasing saliva production
Saliva plays a key role in protecting teeth because it helps neutralize acids and remineralize enamel. Chewing sugar-free gum or consuming water-rich foods, such as apples and cucumbers, stimulates saliva production and helps maintain a balanced oral pH.
Protect teeth at night
If you suffer from bruxism, it is advisable to use a custom-made night splint to reduce pressure on the teeth and limit enamel wear. Consulting a dentist to identify the most appropriate treatment is the best solution in such cases.
Treatments to counteract dental erosion
When dental erosion is advanced, professional treatments may be needed to protect teeth and improve smile aesthetics.
Some of the most common options include:
- Fluoroprophylaxis: applications of highly concentrated fluoride to strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
- Dental sealing: application of a protective layer to reduce the risk of further erosion.
- Dental veneers: thin ceramic or composite sheets that cover the surface of the tooth to protect it and improve its appearance.
- Composite reconstructions: in cases of extensive damage, the dentist can reconstruct the eroded areas with specific materials to restore tooth function.
Preventing tooth erosion requires constant attention to diet, oral hygiene and daily habits. Reducing acid exposure, choosing the right dental care products, and seeing the dentist for regular checkups are key strategies for maintaining strong, healthy enamel. If you notice signs of erosion, it is important to intervene early with specific treatments to avoid permanent damage and protect your smile over time.
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